Essence Of Decision: Explaining The Cuban Missile Crisis

Substance Of Decision: Explaining The Cuban Missile Crisis Substance of Decision: Explaining the Cuban Missile Crisis, by Graham Allison and Philip Zelikow looks at the earth shattering Cuban Missile Crisis, which was one of the best demonstrations of strategy during the Cold War. Allison and Zelikow investigate through three distinctive theoretical focal points obliging the peruser to look further into basic techniques for international strategy examination. Allison and Zelikow assess the occasions of the thirteen days in October 1962 to exhibit the models of strategy investigation from alternate points of view. The creators give sufficient verifiable audits, proof and reports of the occasions, and offers intensive investigations of the significant time of the atomic age by likewise introducing new strategies to consider with international strategy activities. The three theoretical models, which can be utilized to investigate strategy activities; the Rational Actor, Organizational Behavior, and Governmental Politics Models are portrayed and applied to the Cuban Missile Crisis case. Each model shows various highlights and territories of the major choices made by both the United States and the Soviet Union during the emergency. Allison and Zelikow explain that despite the fact that there is no entire comprehension of the circumstance as it occurred at that point, and it will never be likely, anyway utilizing these three hypothetical focal points it will help increase a closer understanding and a greater amount of an attention to the entirety of the components and the decisions that were made at that point. In this article I will endeavor to draw some comprehension of the choices the United States made towards the Cuban Missile Crisis by utilizing Allisons three calculated focal points from the Essence of Decision, which is an investigation of the emergency itself and the dynamic in the goals method. Graham Allison and Philip Zelikow present Model I as the most regularly utilized technique for assessing international strategy activities, this strategy is named the Rational Actor Model, otherwise called RAM. Smash is a method of understanding approach activities taken by states, by thinking about the nation as a discerning unitary on-screen character. The balanced structure is additionally the most often utilized strategy in deciding choices between strategy decisions in the reception and assessment phases of the approach cycle. While dissecting an activity attempted by a state towards another express, the RAM presumes the activities occurred are planned, esteem expanding and key. The creators quote for every clarification a demonstration comprises of indicating what objective the legislature was pressing together when it acted and how the activity was a sensible decision, given the countries objective (Allison Zelikow, 1999, p. 15). This permits us to see how individuals approach deciding, as it is done verifiably, without the individual unexpectedly acknowledging they are doing it. The principle inquiries in the Essence of Decision book that were replied with respect to the emergency are; Why did the Soviet Union spot hostile rockets in Cuba? For what reason did the US react to this activity with a barricade around Cuba? What's more, for what reason did the Soviet Union pull back rockets accordingly? Taking a gander at the circumstance in understanding the US dynamic response to the activities, the RAM investigation considers in the wake of assessing a number alternatives, and considering Kennedys objectives, by surveying the nature of the quest for choices and their individual results, and check whether the last decision vowed to accomplish his unique objectives to the degree that the dynamic procedure approaches this perfect model, we can say that it was sane (Allison 1999, p.33), and a bar would have the most obvious opportunity with regards to sending the ideal message to Moscow without inciting a military reaction. Allison and Zelikows Rational Actor Model, looks at the subject of whether we can see plainly the move made by a nation in the worldwide strategy field as a balanced decision? For example, the idea of limited reasonability shows up obviously in international strategy dynamic, in any event, when there is a focal chief of a state, for instance a pioneer or president who has incomparable decision over all approaches, their discerning dynamic will be prevented by the way that they have no clue about what the rival is thinking. This can be alluded back to the Cuban Missile Crisis; where President Kennedy and his counselors, the ExComs bombed endeavors at attempting to comprehend why Khrushchev settled on specific choices and activities. Since the global arrangement field frequently manages serious oppositional adversaries who keep their actual expectations covered up as a methods for achieving what they need (Lindbolm, 195 9, p.113-127). President Kennedy turns into the driver of the discussion by ensuring his group warily makes each stride of the emergency to test further ramifications of every choice and to inspire them to think bigger (Allison Zelikow, 1999, p. 357) as the mass of occupying atomic war falls upon him. In this manner encourages us comprehend why the US settled on a discerning choice with the barricade as it had a few points of interest, one being it didn't comprise direct assault, furthermore it put the weight of the following proceed onward Khrushchev, and furthermore kept different choices open. This is the point at which the USSR chose to pull back, that is on the grounds that it remembered US vital prevalence. The book contends that in actuality the USSR threw in the towel in face of US admonitions that further activities would follow if the rockets were to get operational. The subsequent Model, Allison and Zelikow presents are the Organizational Model of international strategy. In this model, it is comprehended that nations and governments are not unitary entertainers but rather are expressed as immense conglomerate(s) of inexactly associated associations, each with its very own significant existence (Allison Zelikow, 1999, p. 143). The creators express that Governments see issues through authoritative sensors㠢â‚ ¬Ã¢ ¦they characterize options and gauge results as their part associations. Also, process data So, the administration developments are less legitimate decisions settled on by one focal chief, however are the creations of numerous associations all working as per standard examples of conduct. The impacts to consider with this hierarchical model represent that the significance of taking a gander at legislative activities thusly gives us an away from of why the United States settled on the choices in this emergency. For instance, almost all administration activities in international strategy are completed by associations, regardless of whether it is the Forces or the CIA, for this situation, the legislature doing the arrangements are separated with the military and insight offices. Moreover, hierarchical activities are additionally restricted and known by standard working techniques, with what has been done previously. The model which the creators present gives us an inquisitive chance to take a gander at the job of bodies that play in international strategy making in various ways. In Model II, Allison and Zelikow present a perspective on choices that are totally all around requested by the organization, despite the fact that it may not be the administration that settles on the choice. In understanding the United States dynamic procedure with Model II, the thoughts of the EX-Com that delivered potential options were on the other hand replied by the associations, What explicitly, should be possible? (Allison Zelikow, 1 999, p. 225). President Kennedys activities were restricted by what the military associations could do, since their activities and choices made were sponsored up with understanding and past decisions in international strategy. Quintessence of Decision shows that authoritative limits are central in worldwide approach making. Model II likewise permits us to comprehend instances of how hierarchical practices shake the execution of specific approaches. For instance, the circumstance by the Soviet soldiers absence of cover of the rockets in Cuba, and President Kennedy racing to control with the practice runs over Soviet air space. On the off chance that this happened after the emergency had started, there may have begun an atomic war because of wrong translation other than a practice run. This model recommends that there is in every case more to the circumstance of a reasonable choice. The creators permit us to glance through different focal points to give us a greater amount of a compre hension of how the US settled on specific choices all through the emergency. The third model that Allison and Zelikow outline in the Essence of Decision is the Governmental Politics model otherwise called the Bureaucratic model. Model III comprises of strategy activities as a procedure where state on-screen characters bring their own considerations, conclusions and thoughts together to accomplish separate objectives and choose a game-plan all things considered, which may struggle with one another. In Essence of Decision the creators clarify why it is important to distinguish the games and players, to show the alliances, deals and bargains, and to pass on some vibe for the disarray (Allison Zelikow, 1999, p. 257). For this situation, different people, speaking to different authoritative interests take part in a procedure to accomplish an arranged cooperative choice, which will speak to the approach of a state. During the Crisis all US choices were made by ExCom, President Kennedys inward hover of guides that were formed together explicitly for the rocket emerg ency. Allison and Zelikow talked about the Ex-Com individuals and their thoughts, the importance of the Cuban issue to Kennedy, and by and large attempt to outline a general political air behind the U.S. choices. Allison proposed in the book that as a result of the disappointment of Bay of Pigs intrusion, the Republicans in the United States congress made Cuban approach into a significant issue for the forthcoming congressional races later in 1962. Thusly President Kennedy chose a solid reaction as opposed to a conciliatory one. Despite the fact that most of ExCom at first preferred air strikes, those nearest to the president, (his sibling Attorney General, Robert Kennedy and Special Coun

Motivating Staff through Efficient Management-Samples for Students

Question: Do reseach on Rousing Staff through Efficient Supply Chain Management. Answer: I am anticipating complete an exploration on Motivating Staff through Efficient Supply Chain Management. This specific point will prepare would-be building supervisors with simple aptitudes of empowering their subjects through viable flexibly chain the executives. It will furnish them with a chance to apply information assembled in class in their genuine circumstances. Freely accessible optional information on Motivating Staff through Efficient Supply Chain Management will be sourced from; https://data.gov.au/dataset?q=engineering+managers+Efficient+Supply+Chain+Managementsort=extras_harvest_portal+asc%2C+score+desc%2C+metadata_modified+desc. Auxiliary information assembled from this site in addition to other pertinent sources will be utilized to clarify the chose theme. Which components can designing chiefs use to make an intelligent and testable model important to assemble a feasible gracefully chain? Another examination theme is; what original building firms are doing exceptional with respect to spurring their staff through proficient gracefully chain the executives? Singular worker level of inspiration, efficiency, and the associations center standard of execution are the factors whose relationship will be examined in this examination. I am intending to investigate the relationship which exist among these factors that is whether corresponding or disproportional. Staff inspiration, effectivenessandengineering flexibly chain the board are some of words and expressions I propose to use in Google researcher among other web indexes to recognize writing in the field of the examination question. As indicated by Manzoor, (2012), profoundly energetic staff individuals depict a nearly more elevated level of profitability than their workers who are less roused. Nonetheless, Ganta, (2014) in his writing bring up that staff inspiration is anything but a key determiner of a people profitability since different factors such understanding, demeanor, peer impact altogether impact execution at working environment. Osabiya, (2015) states that an organizations standard of execution relies totally upon the individual efficiency of each representative and inspiration is a key determiner of their commitment. References Ganta, V. C. (2014). Inspiration in the working environment to improve the representative performance.International Journal of Engineering Technology,2(6), 221-230. Manzoor, Q. A. (2012). Effect of workers inspiration on hierarchical effectiveness.Business the board and strategy,3(1), 1. Osabiya, B. J. (2015). The impact of representatives inspiration on authoritative performance.Journal of open organization and strategy research,7(4), 62-75.

PTSD Symptoms, Diagnosis, Causes, Treatment, and Coping

PTSD Symptoms, Diagnosis, Causes, Treatment, and Coping PTSD Print An Overview of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) By Matthew Tull, PhD twitter Matthew Tull, PhD is a professor of psychology at the University of Toledo, specializing in post-traumatic stress disorder. Learn about our editorial policy Matthew Tull, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on November 29, 2018 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on June 24, 2019 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes & Risk Factors Treatment Living With In Children In This Article Table of Contents Expand Definition Who Is Affected Types of PTSD Symptoms Diagnosis Coping Treatment Options In Children For Loved Ones View All People who have lived through a traumatic event can find themselves experiencing emotional challenges long after the event has taken place. Although it is common for people to experience emotional challenges after trauma, their symptoms can lessen in intensity over time as they continue to heal. However, people who struggle with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) find themselves experiencing symptoms that continue to cause them significant distress. Verywell / Joshua Seong Definition The current Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, the DSM-5, is a manual that clinical professionals use to diagnose mental health conditions. In previous years, PTSD fell under the category of anxiety-related conditions. The current version of the manual has placed post-traumatic stress disorder under the category of trauma- and stressor-related disorders. Post-traumatic stress disorder can develop after the experience of a traumatic event, either a single isolated event or more chronic and recurring traumatic experiences.?? A variety of emotional disturbances and symptoms are associated with PTSD that cause clinically significant distress or impairment in the persons social interactions, their ability to work, or other important areas of functioning. Who Is Affected It is estimated that there are currently around 8 million people in the United States who are living with PTSD.?? These numbers vary depending on things like gender, emotional response to trauma, and other factors. Altogether, it is estimated that 7 to 8 percent of people will experience PTSD at some point during their lifetime. About 70 percent of adults in the US have reported experiencing a traumatic event at least once in their life.?? With this in mind, it is important to note that most people who experience a traumatic event will not develop PTSD. Some factors that can contribute to the likelihood of developing PTSD include things like: Mental or physical health condition??Emotional response during the traumaType of traumaGender (studies have shown women to be twice as likely to have PTSD)??AgeMarital statusEmotional support systemExperience of additional stressors after trauma Types of PTSD Within the diagnosis of PTSD there can be certain specifiers identified, which means there are distinct features present that make it different from the more broad diagnosis of PTSD. Some of these specifiers are identified in the DSM-5 including: Dissociative??Delayed onset/expression Preschool One of the changes made in the most recent update of the diagnostic manual for clinicians is the inclusion of specific PTSD symptoms for children six years or younger. As children witness and live through traumatic events they, too, can experience emotionally distressing symptoms after the event.?? Just as with adults (and anyone over six years old) there are certain criteria that need to be met in order for a young child to be diagnosed with PTSD. Dissociative The dissociative specifier within the PTSD diagnosis refers to the presence of persistent or recurrent depersonalization or derealization symptoms.?? Depersonalization means that someone is experiencing something as if they are an observer to themselves, observing from outside of their body. Derealization refers to sensing as if things around you are not real, almost as if you are unfamiliar and disconnected from the world around you. Delayed Onset The term delayed onset was recently changed to delayed expression in the DSM-5. Although people with this particular specifier do meet the necessary criteria for PTSD, the criteria are not fully met until at least six months after the traumatic event.?? A person could experience the onset and expression of some of the symptoms more immediately, however, the full symptom criteria for diagnosis would not have been met until after that six-month mark. Complex Sometimes people can experience isolated, acute instances of trauma such as a horrific car accident or being robbed at gunpoint, for example. These would be considered acute because they are not likely to become recurring experiences. There are other types of traumatic events that can be more recurring, such as domestic violence, sexual abuse, or childhood neglect.?? The person would experience the event again and again over the course of time. When people have experienced this type of more chronic trauma, it is sometimes referred to as complex PTSD. Symptoms Although there are many people who will experience a traumatic event in their lifetime, many will not develop PTSD. There are certain symptoms that someone needs to be experiencing, referred to as diagnostic criteria, in order for them to be accurately diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder. PTSD symptoms are divided into four separate clusters including: 1) Re-experiencing: Frequent upsetting thoughts or memories of a traumatic event.Having recurrent nightmaresFeeling as though the event were happening again, sometimes called a flashback??Strong feelings of distress when reminded of the eventBeing physically responsive, such as increased heart rate or sweating, when reminded of the event. Coping With Re-Experiencing Symptoms in PTSD 2) Avoidance: Making an effort to avoid thoughts, feelings, or conversations about the traumatic eventActively trying to avoid places or people that remind you of the traumatic event??Keeping yourself too busy to have time to think about the traumatic event Emotional Avoidance in PTSD 3) Hyperarousal: Having a difficult time falling or staying asleepFeeling more irritable or having outbursts of anger??Having difficulty concentratingFeeling constantly on guard or like danger is lurking around every cornerBeing jumpy or easily startled Hyperarousal in PTSD 4) Negative Thoughts and Beliefs Having a difficult time remembering important parts of the traumatic eventA loss of interest in important, once positive, activitiesFeeling distant from others??Experiencing  difficulties having positive feelings, such as happiness or loveFeeling as though your life may be cut short Many of these symptoms are an extreme version of our bodys natural response to stress. Understanding our bodys natural response to threat and danger, known as the fight or flight response,  can help us better understand the symptoms of PTSD. Diagnosis To be diagnosed with PTSD, you dont need to have all these symptoms. In fact, rarely does a person with PTSD  experience all the symptoms listed above. To receive a diagnosis of PTSD, you only need a certain number of symptoms from each cluster.?? Additional requirements for the diagnosis also need to be assessed, such as how you initially responded to the traumatic event, how long youve been experiencing your symptoms and the extent to which those symptoms interfere with your life. For an accurate PTSD diagnosis, you would need to review these things with a qualified mental health professional. PTSD Discussion Guide Get our printable guide to help you ask the right questions at your next doctors appointment. Download PDF Coping The symptoms of PTSD can be difficult to cope with, and as a result, many people with PTSD can be susceptible to developing unhealthy coping strategies, such as alcohol or drug abuse?? or deliberate self-harm. Because of these risks, it is important to develop a number of healthy coping skills to manage your PTSD symptoms. Coping strategies you can work on incorporating in your life include: Learning how to  cope with anxietyFinding healthy ways to  manage your emotions??Learning how to cope with unpleasant thoughts and memoriesManaging  sleep problemsBeing able to identify and cope with PTSD triggersManaging flashbacks and dissociation Treatment Options A number of psychological treatments have been found to be effective in helping people cope with the symptoms of PTSD. Some of these include: Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for PTSD focuses on changing the way in which you evaluate and respond to situations, thoughts, and feelings, as well as unhealthy behaviors that stem from your thoughts and feelings.Exposure therapy is a behavioral treatment for PTSD that aims to reduce your fear, anxiety, and avoidance behavior by having you fully confront, or be exposed to, thoughts, feelings, or situations that you fear.Acceptance and commitment therapy is a behavioral treatment that is based on the idea that our suffering comes not from the experience of emotional pain, but from our attempted avoidance of that pain. Its overarching goal is to help you be open to and willing to have your inner experiences while focusing attention not on trying to escape or avoid pain, since that is impossible to do, but instead on living a meaningful life.??Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is another highly effective therapy for treating PTSD that involves thinking about your trauma while paying attention to an outside stimulus, such as a light or a finger moving back and forth. It helps you make new connections between your trauma and more positive thinking. In Children Children are not immune to the challenges of post-traumatic stress disorder. The National Child Traumatic Stress Institute (NCTSI) states that more than two-thirds of children have reported at least one traumatic experience by the age of 16.?? Additionally, it is estimated that 19 percent of injured and 12 percent of physically ill youth have PTSD. Potential Childhood Traumatic Experiences Psychological, physical or sexual abuseCommunity or school violenceWitnessing or experiencing domestic violenceNatural disastersTerrorismCommercial sexual exploitationSudden or violent loss of a loved oneLife-threatening illness or accident Because children can have a more difficult time processing their experiences and coping with the lasting emotional impact of trauma, it is important for support people (caregivers, relatives, etc) to allow children the opportunity to talk about their experience. A critical part of a childs recovery and healing is their support system. Having a strong support system and access to trauma-informed care is essential to their healthy coping and overall healing. For Loved Ones Finding ways to support a loved one with PTSD can be a struggle. One of the most helpful things you can do is learn about the symptoms and the challenges of living with post-traumatic stress disorder.?? Becoming familiar with what your loved one might be experiencing can help increase compassion and understanding, making it easier to have conversations about their challenges. Inviting and encouraging your loved one to seek help from a trained professional is paramount. Since unaddressed symptoms of PTSD can become more severe over time, it is important to try and help your loved one find helpful resources to begin the healing process. Do not be afraid to ask your loved one about their experiences and be open to actively listening. You are not expected to fix anything, just allow your loved one space to talk openly without fear of judgment or criticism. Ask your doctor or mental health professional for a recommendation or referral to someone who specializes in treating PTSD. How Is PTSD Diagnosed?

Gun Control and Regulation Essay - 1716 Words

Gun Control and Regulation The idea of gun control and regulation is becoming more and more popular throughout the U.S., although it may still bring up resistance among some people. Guns are sort of a foundation of American culture. This countrys freedom was won over bloody and heroic wars with guns. Guns are portrayed throughout television, movies, and video games. Guns are a popular symbol of power, control, authority, dominance, and can be associated with security and defense. The role guns play in our society is a highly controversial debate. I will support the gun control and regulatory side of this topic as a short-term realistic goal. There are both avid supporters of the 2nd amendment guaranteeing American†¦show more content†¦among all other industrial nations. Next to automobile fatality, gun violence is the second leading cause of death by injury in the U.S. It should become first by the year 2003 unless something is done to prevent it. In the early nineties for example, four s tates -- Nevada, Virginia, Louisiana, and Texas had trends of gun injury as the top cause of death. This type of violence it seems is almost as epidemic as AIDS is in causing death. That is a very scary thing to consider. (gunfree.org) The National Center for Health Statistics reports that firearms have taken the lives of 35,957 people in the U.S. in 1995. There is a 21.5% firearm fatality increase since 1985. And, of these fatalities, suicides rank first at 18,503 people; homicides second at 15,835 people; unintentional shootings next at 1,225 people; and 394 were undetermined. (gunfree.org) Now I would like to demystify several arguments used against gun control. The first one assumes that gun control wont stop gun violence or crime. Most criminals get guns through legal means contrary to what the gun lobby says to justify having a huge availability of guns. This is proven by the Criminal Justice Research Center. They apparently surveyed that only 27% of adult inmates and 43% of j uveniles have bought handguns illegally on the black market. On the other hand, of these inmates, 69% of adults and 55% of juveniles obtained guns through means like retail, gun shops, privateShow MoreRelatedGun Control And Gun Regulation1867 Words   |  8 PagesGun regulation has been a serious controversial topic over years. Politicians from opposite parties always have extensive debates about it during election time. Advocates for gun right believe the ability to own a gun gives people protection. Advocates for gun restriction believe guns are weapons and would do more harm than good. In the past years, the deathly incidents involving guns have significantly increased. Shooting in Orlando and the shooting in Dallas are one of the most memorable eventsRead MoreGun Control And Gun Regulation1806 Words   |  8 PagesAs I know, gun regulation has always been a controversial topic among the United States. According to a Federal report, Lisa M. Hepburn and David Hemenway discovered that over 60 percent of all homicides in the United States in 1999 involved a firearm and firearm ownership in the United States, particularly handgun ownership, is much more common than in other developed nations(Firearm Availability and Homicide: A Review of the Literature). Also the research of the Homicide Trends in the United StatesRead MoreGun Control Regulations Act Of 19751058 Words   |  5 PagesLafayette have recently been the settings of dreadful tragedies. Each of these catastrophes results in select politicians, and even President Barrack Obama, demanding Gun control across the United States of America. Some anti-gun activists desire stricter gun laws, while other anti-gun activists have acquired aspirations for a ban on all guns across the nation. They claim that the Second Amendment is outdated, and that we will be safer in the complete absence of firearms. 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According to Cornell University Law School in their legal information institute the second amendment is defined as, â€Å"A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keepRead MoreGun Control1095 Words   |  5 PagesGun Control: The Battle Rages On Abstract This paper discusses and is centered around the on-going debate over gun control, I directly address how each major political party views this subject and what I believe the United States Government should do to be able to best combat this tremendous issue. I use research from multiple sources that contrast each side of the argument and give an overall insight into the world of modernized gun control. Gun Control: The Battle Rages On With the Second

Revenge In Beowulf And Iliad - 1605 Words

According to the Merriam- Webster dictionary Vengeance or revenge is defined as â€Å"a punishment inflicted in retaliation for an injury or offense†. Vengeance could be classified as a form of justice at times. And is seen through Beowulf and Iliad. In Beowulf, it seen through numerous characters. Revenge is a unique emotion in which is can be very motivating to accomplish a certain task, to serve for justice. In Iliad, Achilles using the feeling of Revenge to complete his journey. Comparing the two stories, vengeances is shown in both, and both stories have a unique way of related the events of the story to the events and the culture and society at the time the stories were written. Revenge in Beowulf: In Beowulf revenge is a motivating†¦show more content†¦The love a mother shares for her child is unexpectedly powerful, and although Grendel s mother may be weaker and smaller in size compared to Beowulf, she has he own advantages, as she is fighting in her own cave which was under the lake. She put up a fight under her mother’s fury, and her spike and heath of revenge as she realizes that it was Beowulf that killed her son, although Beowulf defeated her with the help of his weapons and his skills from being a warrior. Grendel’s mom was the first fight of revenge within the poem, and it served as a warning to mankind, that everyone must not fight based purely on revenge, and it will not end in favor of the city. It therefore, proves that that holding on to someone or something for long periods of time, could eventually destroy oneself mentally or physically. It is interesting to that the revenge of Grendel’s mother almost was a example to take not, th at revenge doesn’t solve our problems, this seems to be mentioned again at the end of the poem by Wiglaf. Another example of revenge seen in the poem Beowulf is the Germanic tribe. With this example, it is unique in the sense that the Germanic tribe was used in hopes of peace in Garland. Hrothgar was hoping to make peace by having his daughter marry into the Hathobards. Although upon, Beowulf return, he saw that this plan had its flaws and was unsure of the success of the plan. The last main example of revenge seen in BeowulfShow MoreRelatedEssay on Beowulf and Achilles1178 Words   |  5 PagesBeowulf and Achilles Beowulf is a story about a man named Beowulf who desired fame and fortune in life. The Iliad had a character named Achilles who is similar to Beowulf because he also desired glory. But they are two completely different stories written at different times and different places by different people. Both stories have unique qualities such as dragons in one and multi-gods in the other and that is what makes fictitious stories like these classics. Since achieving fame is aRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Beowulf 851 Words   |  4 PagesThis essay offers literary analysis of Beowulf, the oldest epic poem that has survived in English literature. It is also widely known as the earliest surviving piece of literatures in vernacular European Literature. The language of this poem is Old English, spoken by Saxon people. This poem depicts a traditional story that is a part of oral Germanic tradition. As per experts, this is work of a single poet and was composed in then England. 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The Iliad is an epic poem by the Greek poet Homer, which describes some of the most significant events towards the end of the Trojan War. In particular, it recounts the acts and character of the Greek warrior, Achilles. Although Achilles wishes to liveRead MoreBeowulf Vs. Achilles Essay754 Words   |  4 PagesTasia McCoy Sophia DeSilva English 12 30 September 2015 Beowulf Vs. Achilles The Old English poem, Beowulf, doesn’t have an author. Nobody is one hundred percent sure about the history of Beowulf. All they know is that its about a warrior and a monster in conflict. Homer wrote â€Å"The Iliad,† roughly a thousand years before Beowulf. They were both a part of the ancient Greek world. Though Homer was blind, some scholars believe that a philosopher as a blind man had an exceptional inner vision. (72)Read MoreHeroes Are The People In The Society That We Admire For1048 Words   |  5 Pagesliterature, the community also shapes the heroes too. 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The emphasis of these texts throughout the curriculumRead MoreAchilles vs Beowulf compare and contrast Essay1150 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Compare and contrast Achilles vs Beowulf The way of the warriors Achilles and Beowulf were two characters that had an amazing power that made his name lives for hundreds of years. Great warriors need some to have some specific characteristics to reach their fame because we have seem in some heroes that they have gods strong, a unique way to be and goals to achieve. Comparing the character of Achilles and Beowulf who were two of the best warrior of the history we could know if there areRead MoreBeowulf Essay : Beowulf 1473 Words   |  6 PagesHyunsu (John) Kim Prof. Hohl ENG2800 November 10, 2016 Beowulf Paper II The poem, Beowulf, explores its protagonist’s—Beowulf’s—heroism through a series of three increasingly difficult conflicts with Grendel; Grendel’s mother; and the dragon—, each of which exemplifies an aspect of the Anglo-Saxon heroic code. Beowulf’s first encounter with Grendel demonstrates the importance of reputation as a means of establishing one’s legacy, even beyond death; Beowulf’s triumph over the seemingly indomitableRead More12 Literary Piece1670 Words   |  7 Pages12 Literary piece that have Influenced the World 1. The Bible or the Sacred writings: This has become the basis of Christianity originating from Palestine and Greece 2. Koran: The Muslim bible originating from Arabia 3. The Iliad and the Odyssey: These have been the source of Myths and Legends of Greece. They were written by Homer. 4. The Mahabharata: The Longest epic of the world. It contains the history of religion in India. 5. Canterburry: it depicts the religion and customs of

Class Distinctio Free Essays

Jane Austin critiques the way in which people put the importance of status to their actions, as we see the distinction between the gentry and trade being interwoven in her novels. In her essay on Class, Juliet Master remarks that, â€Å"Class difference was of course a fact of life for Austin, and an acute observation of the fine extinctions between one social level and another was a necessary part of her business as a writer of realistic fiction† (1 15). In Pride and Prejudice, Mr. We will write a custom essay sample on Class Distinctio or any similar topic only for you Order Now Collins instructs Elizabeth to dress simply, and not to try to copy the elegant attire of her high-standing hostess Lady Catherine as he says, â€Å"Lady Catherine is far from requiring that elegance of dress in us which becomes herself and her daughter She likes to have the distinction of rank preserved† (138). The distinctions in class are not only to be present, but they also have to be seen. However, Jane Austin sets moral status against social status, and for her tutus has to be earned and not inherited. In Pride and Prejudice, Elizabethan first impression of Mr. Dairy’s treatment of Victims, makes his moral standards to be not worthy of his standing in society. However, when she learns about his extensive responsibilities and goodness from his servant, her opinion of him changes as Mrs. Reynolds says, He is the best landlord, and the best master, that ever lived; not like the wild young men needlewoman’s commendation bestowed on him by Mrs. Reynolds was no trifling nature. What praise is more valuable than praise of an intelligent servant? As a rather, a landlord. A master, she considered how many people’s happiness were his guardianship! Ђ? How much pleasure or pain it was in his power to bestow!†¦ Every idea that had been brought forward by the housekeeper was favorable to his character. â€Å"—- Jane Student’s characters constantly keep reminding each other of their social class in society. Dairy prides himself on being a gentleman wit h all the duties and obligations that his status entails in Pride and Prejudice. Caroline Bentley also keeps reminding him that he would be lowering himself by associating with the Bennett family s they are connected with trade. What she forgets is that the source of their family fortune on which their status is founded is trade. Emma is a rich woman who does not want to associate with the middle class in Emma. Janet Todd argues that, â€Å"Emma wants Highborn to remain as almost feudal, stationery through time, so that she will always be ‘paramount’. † (96) This suggests that social class is very important to her and this portrays the life of the aristocrats in Student’s day who were opposed to change. Jane Austin questions just what it is that makes a true gentlemen or a lady. Social ann. must be part of it but intruding by the example of Lady Catherine. Her domineering superiority and sense of her own dignity is evident in all she says and does. Her unquestionable authority and right to control people’s lives is evident when she confronts Elizabeth about her rumored engagement to Mr. Dairy as she says, â€Å"your alliance will be a disgrace; your name will never even be mentioned by any of us† (186). It is obvious that because of her status, she thinks that she can treat other people the way she wants. She thinks that Elizabeth is not fit to marry Mr. Dairy because they do to belong to the same social, class but her daughter does. In response to her confrontation, Elizabeth tells Lady Catherine that â€Å"Dairy is a gentleman; am a gentleman’s daughter; so far We are equal† (186). However, Elizabeth is not dissuaded by Lady Catering’s threats and status. Juliet Macerates remarks that, â€Å"so much suggests that for Austin there is nothing divine about royal ¶y’, and not much that is special about peers. In fact characters with tittles – or ‘handles to their names’ as the Victorians used to say – are seldom admirable in the novels† (1 16). Even though Lady Catherine holds a title, she is morally and intellectually not worthy. It is only the likes of Mr. Collins who want to climb up the social ladder who succumb to her every whim, as she enjoys Mr. Collision’s flattery and his enthusiasm to give it. In an attempt to remain in her good books and to keep the company of the likes of Lady Catherine, Mr. Collins even knows how many windows Risings estate has. He reveals his self- importance in extraordinary long-winded speeches and ponderous attempts at social grace. Even though Lady Catherine thought of herself as Ewing superior, her tastes are offensive and pretentious. This is because she lacks inborn intelligence and breeding. Her attitudes and behavior offer an illuminating contrast to Mr. Dairy. Who does not wish to show off like other young men in his shoes. However, like his contemporaries, he despises the lower social class. This becomes evident when he advices Mr. Bentley to end his relationship with Jane. When Elizabeth accuses him that he had not behaved in a gentleman-like manner, he realizes how â€Å"selfish and overbearing’ he has been. Through Elizabethan prompting, he learns that while status is important, true breeding is not dependent on rank. Here Jane Austin wants us to realist that, even though the gentry are from a higher class they are not different from the other classes. It is not superiority that makes one a Lady or a gentlemen but it is compassion. In Emma, Mr. Knightly is a true gentlemen because he does not pride himself on his rank. Unlike other status-conscious people of his rank, he walks instead of riding in his carriage. His carriage is only used to transport Miss Bates and Jane Fairfax. He manages his own estate and he does not look down upon other people as we e him in conversing with his tenant Robert Martin. In contrast in Sense and Sensibility, Mr. Dashboard, is deficient of the dedication that makes good curators and ethical aristocrats of Mr. Dairy and Mr. Knightly. Through class distinction, Jane Austin also draws attention to the unfairness of primogeniture, which unfairly privileges one family member to inherited the whole estate, instead of dividing it equally between siblings as would be the normal thing to do today. This allowed the first born son to inherit everything while others remained with nothing. This was done so as to preserve the state and the family name, because if the estate was to be divided then it would eventually come to an end. In Pride and Prejudice, the Bennett girls are to be turned out of Longhorn at the death oftener father, because the estate has to be inherited by a male relation who will keep it the family. Similarly in Sense and Sensibility, the Dashboard girls are made homeless because the old gentlemen Mr. Dashboard wants the family estate to go to a male heir who will pass it on to his sons. This then renders the female siblings to be inferior to their male siblings as Juliet Master argues, â€Å"one might suppose that the filings in a single family would be almost by definition of the same rank. But even here there are marked differences in status, not only between sons and daughters , but also between one son and another’ (119). Not only does Jane Austin condemn the unfairness of the inheritance system, but she also expresses disapproval of the significant difference in prestige between elder daughters and younger daughters. In Pride and Prejudice, we see Elizabeth saying, â€Å"l think it will be had very hard upon younger sisters, that they should not have their share of society and amusement because the elder ay not have means or inclination to marry early. The last born has as good a right to the pleasures Of youth as the first†¦.. During Jane Student’s time, the eldest daughter was more prestigious than her younger sisters. Jane is called Miss â€Å"Bennett† while her sisters are addressed by their first names. The younger daughters could not be out in society before the eldest. While if the younger sister got married before the eldest, she also gained superiority over her elder sisters as we see Lydia saying to her eldest sister Jane, â€Å"ah! How to cite Class Distinctio, Papers

Marijuana Legalization Essay Summary Example For Students

Marijuana Legalization Essay Summary Most Americans do not want to spend scarcepublic funds incarcerating nonviolent marijuanaoffenders, at a cost of $23,000 per year. Politiciansmust reconsider our countrys priorities and attachmore importance to combating violent crime thantargeting marijuana smokers. Marijuana prohibition costs taxpayers at least$7.5 billion annually. This is an enormous waste ofscarce federal dollars that should be used to targetviolent crime. Marijuana prohibition makes no exception for themedical use of marijuana. The tens of thousands ofseriously ill Americans who presently use marijuanaas a therapeutic agent to alleviate symptoms ofcancer, AIDS, glaucoma, or multiple sclerosis riskarrest and jail to obtain and use their medication. Between 1978 and 1996, 34 states passed lawsrecognizing marijuanas therapeutic value. Mostrecently, voters in two states Arizona andCalifornia passed laws allowing for the medicaluse of marijuana under a physicians supervision. Yet, states are severely limited in their ability toimplement their medical use laws because of thefederal prohibition of marijuana. America tried alcohol prohibition between 1919and 1931, but discovered that the crime andviolence associated with prohibition was moredamaging than the evil sought to be prohibited. Withtobacco, America has learned over the last decadethat education is the most effective way todiscourage use. Yet, America fails to apply theselessons to marijuana policy. By stubbornly defining all marijuana smoking ascriminal, including that which involves adultssmoking in the privacy of their own homes, we arewasting police and prosecutorial resources, cloggingcourts, filling costly and scarce jail and prison space,and needlessly wrecking the lives and careers ofgenuinely good citizens. Marijuana legalization offers an importantadvantage over decriminalization in that it allows forlegal distribution and taxation of cannabis. In theabsence of taxation, the free market price of legalmarijuana would be extremely low, on the order offive to ten cents per joint. In terms of intoxicatingpotential, a joint is equivalent to at least $1 or $2worth of alcohol, the price at which cannabis iscurrently sold in the Netherlands. The easiest way tohold the price at this level under legalization wouldbe by an excise tax on commercial sales. Anexamination of the external costs imposed bycannabis users on the rest of society suggests that aharmfulness tax of $.50 $1 per joint isappropriate. It can be estimated that excise taxes inthis range would raise between $2.2 and $6.4 billionper year. Altogether, legalization would save thetaxpayers around $8 $16 billion, not counting theeconomic benefits of hemp agriculture and otherspinoff industries.